Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Ribosome
• D. Lysosome

Answer: (C)

Protein synthesis is carried out by ribosomes. These cellular machines read messenger RNA sequences and link together the corresponding amino acids to form a protein. They translate the genetic code by matching mRNA codons with transfer RNA bringing the right amino acids, building the polypeptide chain. Ribosomes can float freely in the cytosol or be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and this placement helps determine where the newly made protein will be processed or shipped. While other organelles have important roles—nucleus houses the genetic material and directs RNA production, the Golgi apparatus modifies and ships proteins, and lysosomes break down waste—the actual construction of proteins happens at the ribosome.

Protein synthesis is carried out by ribosomes. These cellular machines read messenger RNA sequences and link together the corresponding amino acids to form a protein. They translate the genetic code by matching mRNA codons with transfer RNA bringing the right amino acids, building the polypeptide chain. Ribosomes can float freely in the cytosol or be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and this placement helps determine where the newly made protein will be processed or shipped. While other organelles have important roles—nucleus houses the genetic material and directs RNA production, the Golgi apparatus modifies and ships proteins, and lysosomes break down waste—the actual construction of proteins happens at the ribosome.